If you remember nothing else, get a pot with a drainage hole. It takes a lot of the guesswork out of watering.
Terra cotta and ceramic breathe well, so they work indoors and out. Just know they're heavy, and they can break.
Plastic is light and tough to break, but less breathable. With good soil and a drainage hole, that's not a problem.
Found a pot with no drainage? Drill a hole with a diamond tip bit, then cover it with mesh so the soil stays in.